From Kargil to Parakram, a lesson in forceful persuasion

Forceful persuasion is a concept developed by the eminent political scientist Alexander George, who, in a monograph written in 1991, argued that it was very close to what is commonly called coercive diplomacy. Simply put, when deterrence fails, forceful persuasion or coercive diplomacy is an important defensive strategic tool to control escalation. While the threat to use force is the essence of forceful persuasion or coercive diplomacy, George argues that an “exemplary use of limited force...

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