Mistakes, lapses of staff sitting in Delhi more heinous than errors by commanders in field of battle

On an unequal battle: In 1960, China had increased its deployment in Ladakh and a war game run by the Western Command brought out that a minimum of one division was required to meet the threat. This demand was placed in September 1961 but no decision was given by Army HQ. This can be attributed to an incorrect assessment of Chinese reaction by the General Staff Branch of the Army HQ led by Lt Gen Kaul. “General Staff Branch Army HQ took little action on Western Command’s recommendations, either to strengthen Ladakh or alternatively to lessen the tension there.”

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